REXROTH葉片泵PV7-1A/10-20RE01MC0-10

REXROTH葉片泵PV7-1A/10-20RE01MC0-10
單作用葉片泵的工作原理
單作用葉片泵構(gòu)造 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：定子、轉(zhuǎn)子、葉片、配油盤（吸、排口）、殼體（吸、排接管）、前、后 蓋板。 定子型線是圓，轉(zhuǎn)子也是園，二者存在偏心距。 片間工作空間：葉片、定子內(nèi)表面、轉(zhuǎn)子外表面、配油盤或蓋板圍成。

單作用葉片泵的工作原理 泵由轉(zhuǎn)子、定子、葉片、配油盤和端蓋等部件所組成。定子的內(nèi)表面是圓柱形孔。轉(zhuǎn)子和 定子之間存在著偏心。葉片在轉(zhuǎn)子的槽內(nèi)可靈活滑動(dòng)，在轉(zhuǎn)子轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)時(shí)的離心力以及通入葉片根部壓 力油的作用下，葉片頂部貼緊在定子內(nèi)表面上，于是兩相鄰葉片、配油盤、定子和轉(zhuǎn)子間便形成了 一個(gè)個(gè)密封的工作腔。當(dāng)轉(zhuǎn)子按逆時(shí)針方向旋轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)，葉片向外伸出，密封工作腔容積逐漸增大，產(chǎn)生真空，于是通過吸油口和配油盤上窗口將油吸入。而在圖的左側(cè)。葉片往里縮進(jìn)， 密封腔的容積逐漸縮小，密封腔中的油液經(jīng)配油盤另一窗口和壓油口 被壓出而輸出到系統(tǒng)中去。這種泵在轉(zhuǎn)子轉(zhuǎn)一轉(zhuǎn)過程中，吸油壓油各一次，故稱單作用泵。轉(zhuǎn)子受到徑向液壓不平衡作用力， 故又稱非平衡式泵，其軸承負(fù)載較大。改變定子和轉(zhuǎn)子間的偏心量，便可改變泵的排量，故這種泵 都是變量泵。

液壓泵按照排量是否可調(diào)分為定量泵和變量泵；按照結(jié)構(gòu)可分為柱塞泵、葉片泵和齒輪泵。
1、外嚙合齒輪泵一般為定量泵
應(yīng)用：一般用于低壓（<2.5MPa）大流量的場合；
優(yōu)點(diǎn)：結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，尺寸小，質(zhì)量小，價(jià)格低廉，工作可靠，維護(hù)容易，對(duì)油污染不敏感；
缺點(diǎn)：磨損嚴(yán)重，泄露大，工作壓力的提高受限；
2、葉片泵分為單作用葉片泵和雙作用葉片泵，單作用葉片泵一般為變量泵，雙作用葉片泵一般為定量泵。
應(yīng)用：一般用于機(jī)床、自動(dòng)化設(shè)備中的中低壓液壓系統(tǒng)中；
優(yōu)點(diǎn)：工作壓力較高，工作平穩(wěn)，噪聲小，壽命長；
缺點(diǎn)：結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，對(duì)油污影響較為敏感；
3、柱塞泵分為徑向柱塞泵和軸向柱塞泵，可用于變量；
應(yīng)用：廣泛應(yīng)用于高壓、大流量、大功率的系統(tǒng)中以及流量需要調(diào)節(jié)的場合，比如龍門刨床、拉床、工程機(jī)械、船舶；
優(yōu)點(diǎn)：壓力高，結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，，流量調(diào)節(jié)方便；
缺點(diǎn)：對(duì)油污影響很敏感；
液壓泵的應(yīng)用主要總結(jié)為：
（1）在機(jī)床液壓系統(tǒng)中，一般選用雙作用葉片泵和限壓式變量泵；
（2）在筑路機(jī)械、港口機(jī)械及小型工程機(jī)械中，一般采用抗污染性能較強(qiáng)的齒輪泵；
（3）在負(fù)載大、功率大的場合，一般采用柱塞泵。

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液壓傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的組成
1、液壓動(dòng)力原件
將動(dòng)力裝置的機(jī)械能轉(zhuǎn)換成為液壓能的裝置，其作用是為液壓傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)提供壓力油,是液壓傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的動(dòng)力源。例如液壓泵。
1.1液壓泵
液壓泵是液壓系統(tǒng)的動(dòng)力元件，其作用是將原動(dòng)機(jī)的機(jī)械能轉(zhuǎn)換成液體的壓力能,指液壓系統(tǒng)中的油泵，它向整個(gè)液壓系統(tǒng)提供動(dòng)力。液壓泵的結(jié)構(gòu)形式一般有齒輪泵、葉片泵和柱塞泵。
1.2齒輪泵
齒輪泵即依靠密封在個(gè)殼體中的兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上齒輪,在相互嚙合過程中所產(chǎn)生的工作空間容積變化來輸送液體的泵。齒輪泵的概念是很簡單的，即它的基本形式就是兩個(gè)尺寸相同的齒輪在一個(gè)緊密配合的殼體內(nèi)相互嚙合旋轉(zhuǎn)，這個(gè)殼體的內(nèi)部類似“8”字形，兩個(gè)齒輪裝在里面,齒輪的外徑及兩側(cè)與殼體緊密配合。來自于擠出機(jī)的物料在吸入口進(jìn)入兩個(gè)齒輪中間，并充滿這一空間，隨著齒的旋轉(zhuǎn)沿殼體運(yùn)動(dòng)，后在兩齒嚙合時(shí)排出。困油現(xiàn)象齒輪泵要平穩(wěn)工作，齒輪嚙合的重合度大于1, 于是總有兩對(duì)齒輪同時(shí)嚙合, :并有一部分油液被圍困在兩對(duì)輪齒所圍成的封閉容腔之間。這個(gè)封閉的容腔開始隨著
齒輪的轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)逐漸減小，以后又逐漸加大。封閉腔容積的減小會(huì)使被困油液受擠壓而產(chǎn)生很高的壓力，并且從縫隙中擠出，導(dǎo)致油液發(fā)熱，并致使機(jī)件受到額外的負(fù)載，而封閉腔容積的增大又造成局部真空，使油液中溶解的氣體分離，產(chǎn)生氣穴現(xiàn)象。這些都將產(chǎn)生強(qiáng)烈的振動(dòng)和噪音，這就是齒輪泵的困意現(xiàn)象。
危害：徑向不平衡力很大時(shí)能使軸彎曲，齒頂與殼體接觸，同時(shí)加速軸承的磨損，降低軸承的壽命。
消除困油現(xiàn)象方法:通常是在兩側(cè)蓋板上開卸荷槽，使封閉腔容積誠小時(shí)通過左邊的卸荷槽與壓油腔相通，容積增大時(shí)通過右邊的卸荷槽與吸油腔相通。
1.3葉片泵
葉片泵即通過葉輪的旋轉(zhuǎn)，將動(dòng)力機(jī)的機(jī)械能轉(zhuǎn)換為水能(勢能、動(dòng)能、壓能)的水力機(jī)械。
葉片泵轉(zhuǎn)子旋轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)，葉片在離心力和壓力油的作用下，尖部緊貼在定子內(nèi)表面上。這樣兩個(gè)葉片與轉(zhuǎn)子和定子內(nèi)表面所構(gòu)成的工作容積，先由小到大吸油后再由大到小排油，葉片旋轉(zhuǎn)一周時(shí)，完成兩次吸油與排油。
1.4柱塞泵
柱塞泵即利用柱塞在泵缸體內(nèi)往復(fù)運(yùn)動(dòng)，使柱塞與泵壁間形成容積改變，反復(fù)吸入和排;出液體并增高其壓力的泵。
柱塞泵是液壓系統(tǒng)的一個(gè)重要裝置。它依靠柱塞在缸體中往復(fù)運(yùn)動(dòng)，使密封工作容腔的容積發(fā)生變化來實(shí)現(xiàn)吸油、壓油。柱塞泵具有額定壓力高、結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊、和流量調(diào)節(jié)方便等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，被廣泛應(yīng)用于高壓、大流量和流量需要調(diào)節(jié)的場合，諸如液壓機(jī)、工程機(jī)械和船舶中。