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醫(yī)院污水的一級(jí)強(qiáng)化處理宜采用混凝沉淀工藝?；炷?、沉淀池應(yīng)分二組，每組按50％的水量計(jì)算。
1、污水處理量小于20m3/h時(shí)，沉淀池宜設(shè)備化，可采用鋼結(jié)構(gòu)或其他結(jié)構(gòu)形式的一體化設(shè)備，池形宜為豎流式或斜板沉淀池。當(dāng)污水處理量大于20m3/h時(shí)，沉淀池宜為鋼筋混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)，池形宜為豎流式或平流式沉淀池。
2、當(dāng)沉淀池體采用鋼結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，必須采取切實(shí)有效的防腐措施。
3、當(dāng)采用斜板沉淀池，必須設(shè)置斜板沖洗設(shè)施。其他形式的沉淀池需采取便于清理、維修的措施。
4、設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)遵循《室外排水設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范》GBJ14－87(1997年版)等有關(guān)規(guī)定。
1.2.2對(duì)現(xiàn)有一級(jí)處理工藝進(jìn)行加強(qiáng)處理效果的改造
改造應(yīng)根據(jù)實(shí)際情況，充分利用現(xiàn)有處理設(shè)施，對(duì)現(xiàn)有醫(yī)院中應(yīng)用較多的化糞池、接觸池在結(jié)構(gòu)或運(yùn)行方式上進(jìn)行改造，必要時(shí)增設(shè)部分設(shè)施。
有改建場(chǎng)地時(shí)，可將調(diào)節(jié)池用作沉淀池，在化糞池旁增設(shè)調(diào)節(jié)池。
場(chǎng)地不足時(shí)可在地面上增設(shè)混凝沉淀池。
1.3生物處理
醫(yī)院污水采用生物處理，一方面是降低水中的污染物濃度，達(dá)到排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；另一方面可保障消毒效果。生物處理工藝主要有活性污泥法、生物接觸氧化法、膜生物反應(yīng)器、曝氣生物濾池和簡(jiǎn)易生化處理等。
在救援過(guò)程中，揚(yáng)子晚報(bào)記者了解到，鼓樓區(qū)大隊(duì)清江村中隊(duì)接到了出警指令，由于著火地點(diǎn)并非所轄區(qū)域，只能跟著導(dǎo)航趕赴現(xiàn)場(chǎng),利好政策加碼、行業(yè)需求釋放，工業(yè)廢水治理逐漸受到重視，發(fā)改委和環(huán)保部不斷加大對(duì)工業(yè)廢水行業(yè)的投資力度，預(yù)計(jì)2020年中國(guó)工業(yè)廢水處理行業(yè)市場(chǎng)容量將達(dá)到3800億元, 近年來(lái)，隨著我國(guó)水處理行業(yè)的迅速發(fā)展，且在利好政策助力、行業(yè)治理需求不斷釋放下，農(nóng)村污水處理、工業(yè)廢水治理等細(xì)分領(lǐng)域?qū)⒂瓉?lái)新一輪發(fā)展機(jī)遇，市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)也在不斷加劇安徽省
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蚌埠市：龍子湖區(qū)、禹會(huì)區(qū)、懷遠(yuǎn)縣、固鎮(zhèn)縣、蚌山區(qū)、淮上區(qū)、五河縣
淮南市：大通區(qū)、謝家集區(qū)、潘集區(qū)、鳳臺(tái)縣、田家庵區(qū)、八公山區(qū)
馬鞍山市：金家莊區(qū)、雨山區(qū)、當(dāng)涂縣、花山區(qū)
淮北市：杜集區(qū)、烈山區(qū)、濉溪縣、相山區(qū)
銅陵市：銅官山區(qū)、郊區(qū)、銅陵縣、獅子山區(qū)
安慶市：迎江區(qū)、郊區(qū)、樅陽(yáng)縣、太湖縣、望江縣、桐城市、大觀區(qū)、懷寧縣、潛山縣、宿松縣、岳西縣
黃山市：屯溪區(qū)、徽州區(qū)、休寧縣、祁門縣、黃山區(qū)、歙縣、黟縣
滁州市：瑯琊區(qū)、來(lái)安縣、定遠(yuǎn)縣、天長(zhǎng)市、明光市、南譙區(qū)、全椒縣、鳳陽(yáng)縣
阜陽(yáng)市：潁州區(qū)、潁泉區(qū)、太和縣、潁上縣、界首市、潁東區(qū)、臨泉縣、阜南縣
宿州市：墉橋區(qū)、蕭縣、泗縣、碭山縣、靈璧縣
巢湖市：居巢區(qū)、無(wú)為縣、和縣、廬江縣、含山縣
六安市：金安區(qū)、壽縣、舒城縣、裕安區(qū)、霍邱縣、金寨縣
亳州市：譙城區(qū)、蒙城縣、利辛縣、渦陽(yáng)縣
池州市：貴池區(qū)、石臺(tái)縣、青陽(yáng)縣、東至縣
宣城市：宣州區(qū)、廣德縣、績(jī)溪縣、寧國(guó)市、郎溪縣、涇縣、旌德縣
針對(duì)當(dāng)前廣大農(nóng)村地區(qū)水污染治理仍是Zui大短板和關(guān)鍵節(jié)點(diǎn)這一實(shí)際，建議：
注重補(bǔ)“短板”，不斷提升農(nóng)村生活污水治理水平。推進(jìn)農(nóng)村環(huán)境連片整治，加強(qiáng)涵養(yǎng)區(qū)、源頭區(qū)等水源地和民俗旅游村等重點(diǎn)地區(qū)的污水治理。
加大財(cái)政投入，創(chuàng)新農(nóng)村生活污水治理的投融資機(jī)制。堅(jiān)持生態(tài)環(huán)境建設(shè)改革方向，培育公平安全的投融資環(huán)境，鼓勵(lì)社會(huì)資本投入，加大市、區(qū)、鄉(xiāng)（鎮(zhèn)）的資金投入力度，各級(jí)合理分擔(dān)運(yùn)維費(fèi)用。依法落實(shí)再生水綜合利用等稅收優(yōu)惠政策，深化“以獎(jiǎng)促治”政策。按照“低標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、廣覆蓋”的原則，逐步推進(jìn)農(nóng)村開(kāi)征污水處理費(fèi)。
我國(guó)的水資源形勢(shì)比較嚴(yán)峻，呈現(xiàn)水資源短缺、用水量攀升、水體污染嚴(yán)重等特征，但政府也在不斷加大水環(huán)境治理的力度,Afterhydrolysis and acidification, the wastewater enters oxygen-poortank, contact oxidation tank and secondary sedimentation tank inorder to circulate, so that the wastewater is in the environment ofanoxic and oxygen-enriched cycle transformation, and the followingtransformation can be achieved.- Denitrification; convertingorganic nitrogen into ammonia nitrogen, transforming ammonianitrogen into nitrite nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen through aerobicmicrobial nitrification bacteria, and then transforming nitritenitrogen and nitrate nitrogen into nitrogen through anaerobicmicrobial denitrification bacteria, escaping from sewage-phosphorus removal; high phosphorus content sludge is formed byphosphorus accumulating bacteria releasing phosphorus in anoxicenvironment and absorbing excessive phosphorus in oxygen-richenvironment.- Degrading organic matter thoroughly; On the basis ofhydrolysis acidification, utilizing the characteristics of rapidpropagation of aerobic microorganisms in oxygen-rich environmentand rapid propagation of anaerobic microorganisms in anoxicenvironment, degrading organic matter in turn and transforming itinto sludge(3) Disinfection of sewage to meet dischargestandards(4) Regular removal of sludgeThe characteristics of sewagetreatment methods in small and medium-sized hospitals are asfollows: the volume of the oxygen-poor pool is much smaller thanthat of the contact oxidation pool. When the sewage circulates, theresidence time in the oxygen-poor pool is very short, while theresidence time in the contact oxidation pool is very long, so thatthe sludge produced by biochemical treatment is mainly deposited inthe contact oxidation pool.The characteristics of sewage treatmentmethods in small and medium-sized hospitals are as follows: theoxygen-poor pool is composed of adjusting aeration pool and anoxicpool in series. The two pools are connected structure. By changingthe aeration degree of the adjusting aeration pool, the sewage isfully mixed and the water quality is uniform.4. The sewagetreatment method for small and medium-sized hospitals as describedin claim 3 is characterized in that the sewage treatment stationalso includes a sludge concentration pond which is connected with acontact oxidation pond, and the sludge concentration pond isequipped with a refluxpipe.與調(diào)節(jié)曝氣池連通，回流管路上配有回水泵，開(kāi)啟回水泵，將污泥濃縮池的上層污水泵回調(diào)節(jié)曝氣池，使下層的污泥濃縮，也使接觸氧化池中的污泥持續(xù)進(jìn)入污泥濃縮池Thecharacteristics of sewage treatment methods in small andmedium-sized hospitals are as follows: chlorine dioxide is injectedinto the drainage pipe of secondary sedimentation tank; chlorinedioxide flow rate is accurately measured by metering pump to reduceresidual chlorine residue; at the same time, water body issufficiently mixed from the contact oxidation tank and aerated byblower to reduce dosage.6. The small and medium-sized hospitalsewage treatment method described in Fig. 4 is characterized bythat the sewage return flow R = 1:1, i.e. the sewage circulationflow: the treated discharge flow = 1:1.At present, the total numberof medical units above county level (including industrial andmining enterprises hospitals, military hospitals, private hospitalsand Sino-foreign joint venture hospitals, etc.) in our country(except Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Macao SpecialAdministrative Region and Taiwan region) is about 21,000, of which1041 are tertiary first-class hospitals, accounting for about 5% ofthe total number of hospitals, 90% of which are small andmedium-sized hospitals below secondary level, relatively speaking,large hospitals. All of them have more standardized wastewatertreatment systems, and are equipped with professional maintenanceand management. However, due to the reasons of fund, operation costand personnel quality, a large number of small and medium-sizedmedical institutions are weak in the construction of medicalwastewater treatment facilities, and their operation is notcompletely normal, which is a difficult and important point incurrent pollution control.The sewage discharged by hospitalsconsists of two parts, one is domestic wastewater, the pollutantsare mainly organic matter, the other is medical wastewater, thepollutants are mainly nitrogen, phosphorus and so on. At present,most of the small and medium-sized medical institutions in ourcountry generally adopt the first-level intensified treatment. Thetypical process is as follows.The characteristic of the first-levelintensification process is that it can effectively controlpathogens through disinfection process, but the removal effect ofCOD and BOD is not good and can not meet the requirements ofenvironmental protection.In recent years, with the progress ofsocial economy and the improvement of people"s awareness ofenvironmental protection, more and more small and medium-sizedmedical institutions have built a number of secondary biochemicaltreatment facilities. The processes adopted include A/O, SBR,oxidation ditch and contact oxidation.As can be seen from Table 1,three biological treatment methods, A/O, SBR and oxidation ditch,all have good treatment effect.However, for small and medium-sizedmedical institutions, due to the lack of funds and managers, theremay be insufficient funds in the actual implementation process, orthere may be inadequate management and excessivedischarge.Relatively speaking, contact oxidation method is moresuitable for sewage treatment in small and medium-sized medicalinstitutions, but contact oxidation method lacks oxygen-deficientstage, so the ability of denitrification is weak. Nitrogen ineffluent is basically converted to nitrate, ammonia nitrogen mayreach the standard, and the essence of total nitrogen has not beenremoved.The purpose is to overcome the shortcomings of theabove-mentioned treatment methods and provide a more suitabletreatment method for sewage treatment in small and medium-sizedhospitals. The treatment process of this method is simple, occupiesless land, has low construction investment and operation cost. Itcan not only meet the sewage treatment standards, but also is easyto operate and manage, and has low requirements for the quality ofoperators.
